R&D spending
Domestic spending on research and development by business, government, higher education and non-profit organisations, relative to GDP.
The chart is interactive and needs JavaScript; the latest figures are in the table.
| Country | Period | Figure | Ten years before |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 2023 | 3.15 | 2.78 (2013) |
| USA | 2023 | 3.45 | 2.70 (2013) |
| France | 2023 | 2.18 | 2.23 (2013) |
| Poland | 2023 | 1.56 | 0.88 (2013) |
| China | 2023 | 2.58 | 1.96 (2013) |
| India | 2020 | 0.65 | 0.79 (2010) |
| Japan | 2023 | 3.44 | 3.28 (2013) |
| European Union | 2023 | 2.26 | 2.08 (2013) |
| OECD members | 2023 | 2.93 | 2.35 (2013) |
| World | 2023 | 2.60 | 1.98 (2013) |
What is measured
Research and development spending
Sources
- World Development Indicators – The World Bank · Licence: CC BY 4.0
Related charts
Also at a glance: Innovation & technology