How much Germany spends on research, how much venture capital young companies get and how much high technology the country exports. Compared with Israel, South Korea, Sweden, the US and Japan, which spend more on research relative to their economic output, and with China; you can add any other country.
Domestic spending on research and development by business, government, higher education and non-profit organisations, relative to GDP.
Investment by venture capitalists in young companies, all stages together (seed, start-up, later). Collected by national associations with different methods, so compare countries with care.
Share of products with high R&D intensity in manufactured exports, by the OECD's list: aerospace, computers and office machines, electronics and telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, electrical machinery, chemistry, non-electrical machinery, armament.