Wirtschaftswunder

Charts

Each chart shows one measure of Germany’s economy, with figures from official and international sources. You can share and download each one. The search at the top filters the list as you type.

At a glance

• Germany compared internationallyHow is Germany’s economy doing?
• Germany’s economy month by monthHow is Germany’s economy doing right now?
• Capital & investmentWhere and how much does Germany invest?
• Innovation & technologyHow well does Germany turn ideas into products?
• Productivity & competitivenessWhy is work more productive in some countries?

The economy now

How is Germany’s economy doing?

• Economic growthChange in gross domestic product at constant prices on the year before.
• Economic output per personEconomic output per person in US dollars, adjusted for price differences between countries.
• InflationChange in the annual average of consumer prices on the year before.
• Wage growthChange in real and nominal wages on the same quarter a year before.
• UnemploymentThe share of the labour force out of work, by the International Labour Organization’s definition.
• Industrial production and economic sentimentOutput of mining, manufacturing and energy supply, and how businesses and consumers judge the economy.
• Factory ordersNew orders received by manufacturing, price-adjusted (volume index, 2021 = 100), calendar and seasonally adjusted.
• Manufacturing outputOutput of manufacturing, index 2021 = 100, calendar and seasonally adjusted.
• Exports and importsValue of exports and imports of goods per month in billion euros, calendar and seasonally adjusted.
• Company insolvenciesInsolvency proceedings filed by companies at the insolvency courts per month.
• Gross domestic productGross domestic product by industry from 1991 to today for the Federal Republic.

Capital & investment

Where and how much does Germany invest?

• Investment rateGross fixed capital formation (buildings, equipment, intellectual property) by government and private sector, relative to GDP.
• Capital stock per person employedStock of buildings, equipment and intellectual property per person employed, at constant national prices (in 2021 US$).
• Human capitalIndex of human capital per person from years of schooling and returns to education (per Barro-Lee and Cohen-Leker).

Innovation & technology

How well does Germany turn ideas into products?

• R&D spendingDomestic spending on research and development by business, government, higher education and non-profit organisations, relative to GDP.
• Venture capitalInvestment by venture capitalists in young companies, all stages together (seed, start-up, later).
• High-tech exportsShare of products with high R&D intensity in manufactured exports (OECD list): aerospace, computers and office machines, electronics and telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, electrical machinery, chemistry, non-electrical machinery, armament.
• Patent applicationsPatent applications by residents at the national patent office (per WIPO).

Productivity & competitiveness

Why is work more productive in some countries?

• ProductivityGross domestic product per hour worked by all persons employed, at purchasing power parities and constant prices.
• Hours workedAverage hours actually worked per person employed in a year, full and part-time together.
• Multifactor productivityGrowth in value added through technology, organisation and efficiency.
• Unit labour costsChange in labour costs per unit of value added on the year before (they rise when wages grow faster than productivity).
• Electricity prices for businessesAverage electricity price for non-household consumers using 2,000 to 20,000 MWh a year, including taxes and levies, excluding VAT.
• Export shareExports of goods and services relative to GDP.
• Foreign tradeGermany’s exports and imports of goods since 2008 on a world map, by partner country and goods group.